C# - List<T>

You have already learned about ArrayList in the previous section. An ArrayList resizes automatically as it grows. The List<T> collection is the same as an ArrayList except that List<T> is a generic collection whereas ArrayList is a non-generic collection.

The following diagram illustrates the List<T> hierarchy.

As shown in the above diagram, the List<T> class implements eight different interfaces that provide different functionalities. Hence, the List<T> object can be assigned to any of its interface type variables. However, it is recommended to create an object of List<T> and assign it to IList<T> or List<T> type variable, as shown below.

List<int> intList = new List<int>();

//Or

IList<int> intList = new List<int>();

In the above example, the first statement uses List<T> type variable, whereas the second statement uses IList<T> type variable. The List<T> is a concreate implementation of IList<T> interface. In the object-oriented programming, it is advisable to program to interface rather than concreate class. So use IList<T> type variable to create an object of List<T>.

However, List<T> includes more helper methods than IList<T> interface. The following table lists the important properties and methods of List<T> class:

Add Elements into List

Use the IList.Add() method to add an element into a List collection. The following example adds int value into a List<T> of int type.

Add() signature: void Add(T item)

IList<int> intList = new List<int>();
intList.Add(10);
intList.Add(20);
intList.Add(30);
intList.Add(40);

IList<string> strList = new List<string>();
strList.Add("one");
strList.Add("two");
strList.Add("three");
strList.Add("four");
strList.Add("four");
strList.Add(null);
strList.Add(null);

IList<Student> studentList = new List<Student>();
studentList.Add(new Student());
studentList.Add(new Student());
studentList.Add(new Student());

You can also add elements at the time of initialization using object initializer syntax as below:

IList<int> intList = new List<int>(){ 10, 20, 30, 40 };

//Or

IList<Student> studentList = new List<Student>() { 
                new Student(){ StudentID=1, StudentName="Bill"},
                new Student(){ StudentID=2, StudentName="Steve"},
                new Student(){ StudentID=3, StudentName="Ram"},
                new Student(){ StudentID=1, StudentName="Moin"}
            };

AddRange()

Use List.AddRange() method adds all the elements from another collection.

AddRange() signature: void AddRange(IEnumerable<T> collection)

IList<int> intList1 = new List<int>();
intList1.Add(10);
intList1.Add(20);
intList1.Add(30);
intList1.Add(40);

List<int> intList2 = new List<int>();

intList2.AddRange(intList1);

Accessing List

Use a foreach or for loop to iterate a List<T> collection.

List<int> intList = new List<int>() { 10, 20, 30 };

intList.ForEach(el => Console.WriteLine(el));

If you have initialized the List<T> with an IList<T> interface then use seperate foreach statement with implicitly typed variable:

IList<int> intList = new List<int>() { 10, 20, 30, 40 };

foreach (var el in intList)
    Console.WriteLine(el);

Access individual items by using an indexer (i.e., passing an index in square brackets):

IList<int> intList = new List<int>() { 10, 20, 30, 40 };

int elem = intList[1]; // returns 20

Use the Count property to get the total number of elements in the List.

IList<int> intList = new List<int>() { 10, 20, 30, 40 };

Console.Write("Total elements: {0}", intList.Count);

Use for loop to access list as shown below:

IList<int> intList = new List<int>() { 10, 20, 30, 40 };

for (int i = 0; i < intList.Count; i++)
    Console.WriteLine(intList[i]);

List<T> implements IList<T>, so List<T> implicitly type cast to IList<T>.

static void Print(IList<string> list)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Count: {0}", list.Count);
    foreach (string value in list)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(value);
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{

    string[] strArray = new string[2];
    strArray[0] = "Hello";
    strArray[1] = "World";
    Print(strArray);

    List<string> strList = new List<string>();
    strList.Add("Hello");
    strList.Add("World");
    Print(strList);
}

Insert Elements into List

Use the IList.Insert() method inserts an element into a List<T> collection at the specified index.

Insert() signature:void Insert(int index, T item);

IList<int> intList = new List<int>(){ 10, 20, 30, 40 };

intList.Insert(1, 11);// inserts 11 at 1st index: after 10.

foreach (var el in intList)
    Console.Write(el);

Remove Elements from List

The Remove() and RemoveAt() methods to remove items from a List<T> collection.

Remove() signature: bool Remove(T item)

RemoveAt() signature: void RemoveAt(int index)

IList<int> intList = new List<int>(){ 10, 20, 30, 40 };

intList.Remove(10); // removes the 10 from a list

intList.RemoveAt(2); //removes the 3rd element (index starts from 0)

foreach (var el in intList)
    Console.Write(el);

TrueForAll()

The TrueForAll() is a method of the List<T> class that returns true if the specified condition turns out to be true, otherwise false. Here, the condition can be specified as the predicate type deligate or the lambda expression.

TrueForAll() signature: bool TrueForAll(Predicate<T> match)

List<int> intList = new List<int>(){ 10, 20, 30, 40 };

bool res = intList.TrueForAll(el => el%2 == 0);// returns true

The following example uses isPositiveInt() as a Predicate<int> type delegate as a parameter to TrueForAll.

static bool isPositiveInt(int i)
{
    return i > 0;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    List<int> intList = new List<int>(){10, 20, 30, 40};

    bool res = intList.TrueForAll(isPositiveInt);
}

Visit MSDN to for more information on the methods & properties of IList<T> or List<T>.

Points to Remember :

1. List<T> stores elements of the specified type and it grows automatically.
2. List<T> can store multiple null and duplicate elements.
3. List<T> can be assigned to IList<T> or List<T> type of variable. It provides more helper method When assigned to List<T> variable
4. List<T> can be access using indexer, for loop or foreach statement.
5. LINQ can be use to query List<T> collection.
6. List<T> is ideal for storing and retrieving large number of elements.